Selling on Lowe's: Lowe's Marketplace vs. becoming a Lowe's vendor, eligibility, fees, product compliance, sales tax, 1099-K and entity choice (2026)
There are two routes. Lowe's Marketplace is curated and, as of November 2026, open only to U.S.-registered businesses with an EIN that ship from U.S. warehouses; you are the seller, Lowe's collects sales tax as the marketplace facilitator, and you receive a 1099-K. As a Lowe's vendor you register through RangeMe or PROVIS and, if selected, sell wholesale to Lowe's on a resale certificate, with no sales tax to collect and no 1099-K.
- 48 hours / 4 days
- Shipping standard on the Lowe's Marketplace application: parcels out within 48 business hours of accepting an order, LTL within 4 business days
- 1,700+
- Customers can return Marketplace items to any of Lowe's 1,700-plus stores; who bears return costs follows the seller agreement
- $20,000 and 200
- Federal 1099-K threshold (restored by OBBBA). Marketplace sellers receive one; vendors selling wholesale to Lowe's generally don't
- $25,000
- Starting penalty for each missed Form 5472, per year, for a 25%+ foreign-owned U.S. corporation or a foreign-owned single-member LLC
At a glance
- Two routes, very different tax: on Lowe's Marketplace you sell to customers on Lowes.com, you are the seller, and Lowe's collects sales tax as marketplace facilitator and issues a 1099-K; as a Lowe's vendor (stocking 1P or drop-ship) you sell wholesale to Lowe's, Lowe's is the retailer, you collect no sales tax on a resale certificate, and there is no 1099-K.
- Marketplace bar: as of November 2026, Lowe's own FAQ says the marketplace is not open to everyone; the application states that only businesses registered in the United States may apply (an EIN is required), international shipping is not accepted, and orders ship from U.S. warehouses: parcels within 48 business hours, LTL within 4 business days. Commission and payout timing are not public; they sit in the seller agreement.
- Vendor bar: retail product suppliers register through RangeMe, private-brand suppliers through PROVIS. Registration is free but doesn't make you a supplier; a vendor number is set up only if you are selected. Then come EDI, quality assurance, the vendor code of conduct and chargebacks.
- Where Chinese manufacturers fit: Marketplace needs a U.S. company and a U.S. warehouse; on the vendor side there are import vendors, for whom Lowe's is importer of record and pays the duty. The structure, tariffs and U.S. tax differ completely between the two.
- Product compliance first: electrical products need UL or another NRTL certification, composite wood must meet CARB / TSCA Title VI formaldehyde limits, California sales may need Prop 65 warnings, ENERGY STAR is voluntary but expected in many categories, and certain imported consumer products need certificate data filed electronically from July 8, 2026. Labs and lawyers handle these.
What is Lowe's Marketplace, and who can sell there as of November 2026?
Lowe's Marketplace is Lowe's third-party seller program on Lowes.com. It launched in December 2024, and Lowe's announced a Mirakl partnership in May 2025. It is curated: Lowe's FAQ says plainly that it is not open to everyone, and the application states that only U.S.-registered businesses may apply, with an EIN and shipments from U.S. warehouses. Customers see that items are sold and shipped by a third-party seller, but can return them to Lowe's stores.
Lowe's is headquartered in Mooresville, North Carolina, and is the second-largest U.S. home improvement retailer. The marketplace carries home-related goods: indoor and outdoor furniture, kitchen and bath, décor, power and hand tools, lighting, lawn and garden, outdoor living and more. Here is what can be confirmed from Lowe's site, press releases and public reporting through November 2026.
Description: in date order; each row is a change, its source and what it means for sellers.
| When | What happened | Source | What it means |
|---|---|---|---|
| December 2024 | Lowe's Marketplace launches, first on Rithum | Lowe's press release (2025-05-21); trade press | Sellers could list through Rithum |
| May 21, 2025 | Mirakl partnership announced to expand categories and sellers | Lowe's press release | Selected sellers manage catalog, pricing and orders in the Mirakl portal |
| January 2026 | Lowe's says it approves sellers rather than vetting each SKU and doesn't want an "endless aisle" | Trade press (Chief Marketer, 2026-01-28) | Seller credentials and category fit decide |
| June 2026 | Store associates can search Marketplace items and order them for home delivery; assortment more than doubled in a year; still invite-only | Trade press (Modern Retail, 2026-06-26) | Online items can sell through 1,700+ stores |
| Checked November 2026 | FAQ: not open to everyone; no international shipping; store returns; promotions opt-in; existing vendors may apply | Lowes.com "Sell on Lowe's Marketplace" FAQ | A Chinese seller needs a U.S. company and a U.S. warehouse first |
| Checked November 2026 | Application: U.S.-registered businesses only, with EIN, state of registration and warehouse states; parcels in 48 business hours, LTL in 4 business days | Lowe's Marketplace seller application | Entity and warehouse are settled before applying |
- Seller counts and commission aren't public: Lowe's has not published seller numbers, commission rates or payout timing; they are in the seller agreement signed after selection. Figures such as "8% to 15%" online are agency estimates, not Lowe's numbers.
- Not the same as Home Depot: both are home improvement retailers, but their third-party and supplier rules differ; see yclcpa.com/homedepot.
How do you apply to Lowe's Marketplace, and what does the application ask?
Click "Apply now" at Lowes.com/Marketplace and complete a two-step form: first the business (legal name, storefront name, state of registration, EIN, business address, contact, shipping capability, warehouse states, other marketplaces, annual online sales), then the assortment (core categories, SKU count, GS1 barcodes, reviews platform). Lowe's reviews applications, and selected businesses receive an onboarding invitation.
Description: each row is an application question, with what to prepare and the tax angle.
| Application question | What to prepare | Watch for |
|---|---|---|
| Legal name, storefront (DBA) name | State formation documents; DBA filing if any | Must match the EIN letter and bank account name |
| State of registration | One of the 50 states | The form lists U.S. states only; a foreign company can't apply directly |
| EIN | IRS CP 575 or 147C | The form says only U.S.-registered businesses may apply |
| Business address | U.S. address | Matches tax records and the W-9 |
| Can you meet shipping requirements | Parcels within 48 business hours, LTL within 4 business days | Missed shipments hurt seller performance |
| LTL needed; warehouse states | Primary and up to two more warehouse states | Each warehouse state is a physical-presence state for you |
| Business type | Online-only retailer, original manufacturer, authorized reseller, store with digital fulfillment | Manufacturers and authorized resellers can show supply more easily |
| Other marketplaces, annual online sales, marketing spend | Sales data from Amazon, Walmart, Wayfair and others | Should agree with your books and 1099-Ks |
| Channel partner | Mirakl Connect, ChannelEngine, Acenda, Feedonomics, GoFlow, ChannelAdvisor and others | Order and settlement data for the books comes from here |
| Already a Lowe's vendor (1P or drop-ship) | Vendor number (VBU) | Existing vendors may apply if items don't duplicate Lowe's assortment |
| Core categories, SKU count, description | Appliances, building materials, electrical, flooring, hardware, kitchen and bath, lawn and garden, lighting, lumber, millwork, paint, power equipment, rough plumbing, outdoor living, tools and others | Items must meet Lowe's product-attribution requirements |
| All items GS1-certified | GS1 UPCs | Don't use barcodes of unknown origin |
- What the review looks for: Lowe's selects sellers aligned with its home improvement brand and strategy and monitors performance and ratings. An established record on Amazon, Walmart or Wayfair, your own brand or manufacturer status, U.S. warehouses and after-sale service all help.
- After launch: sellers see sales and inventory data; items appear alongside Lowe's own stock in search; Marketplace sellers are excluded from Lowe's promotions unless they opt in through their account manager.
- Returns: customers can return Marketplace items to any Lowe's store. What happens to the goods and who pays freight and refunds follows the seller agreement; book refunds, return freight and write-offs separately.
- Not accepted: the FAQ says the initial launch excludes sellers shipping from abroad, so cross-border parcels from China don't qualify.
Becoming a Lowe's vendor: how do you register, and what follows?
Retail product suppliers register on Lowe's supplier page through RangeMe; suppliers interested in Lowe's private brands (such as Kobalt, allen + roth and Style Selections) use PROVIS; indirect, non-retail suppliers use Supplier Gateway. Registration is free, but it doesn't make you a supplier: Lowe's contacts registrants when a Product Line Review or bid needs them, and a vendor number is created only on selection.
- Registration data (Lowe's supplier FAQ): company information, federal tax ID, D-U-N-S number (see yclcpa.com/duns), legal structure, parent company, business size, product certifications, item information, employees, year established, annual revenue and sustainability information. A parent and subsidiary with different tax IDs register separately.
- When opportunities come: Lowe's says registration doesn't trigger a Product Line Review or RFP; those follow contract expirations and new initiatives. The "Into the Blue" pitch event was closed to applications as of November 2026.
- Two supply relationships: a stocking (1P) vendor sells to Lowe's and ships to its distribution centers or stores; a drop-ship vendor sells to Lowe's but ships from its own warehouse to the customer. Either way Lowe's is the retailer, sets the retail price and collects sales tax from the customer.
- Quality assurance in two tracks (Lowe's 2026 QA requirements): for a domestic vendor, Lowe's buys in the U.S. and, if goods are imported, the vendor is importer of record; for an import vendor, Lowe's and its subsidiaries are importer of record, and the nominated factory goes through the Retail Ethical Sourcing Assessment (RESA), Enterprise Quality Assessment (EQA), product and transit testing and PO inspections, plus performance specification testing for private brands.
- EDI and chargebacks: orders, ship notices and invoices usually run on EDI (commonly 850, 856 and 810; Lowe's specifications decide). Inaccurate ship notices, labels or late shipments draw deductions or fines under the vendor agreement and compliance manual, with amounts not public. Reconcile every deduction and dispute on time.
- Code of conduct: every vendor follows Lowe's Vendor Code of Conduct on labor, environment and anti-bribery, and factories may be audited.
Description: each row is a relationship, with the seller of record, inventory, importer, sales tax and 1099-K.
| Relationship | Seller of record | Inventory and shipping | Importer | Sales tax | 1099-K |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marketplace seller | You (Lowe's is the marketplace) | Your U.S. warehouse or 3PL, you ship | Your U.S. company or forwarder | Lowe's collects as marketplace facilitator | Lowe's issues one above the threshold |
| Stocking vendor (1P, domestic) | Lowe's | Delivered to Lowe's DCs or stores | You, if imported | None from you, on Lowe's resale certificate | None |
| Drop-ship vendor | Lowe's | You ship from your warehouse to the customer | You, if imported | Lowe's collects from the customer; you hold a resale certificate | None |
| Import vendor (incl. private brand) | Lowe's | Factory ships to Lowe's under the contract | Lowe's and its subsidiaries | No U.S. sales tax on the sale to Lowe's | None |
Which product compliance rules apply: UL, CARB, Prop 65, ENERGY STAR?
Home improvement is one of the most compliance-heavy categories: plug-in products need certification from UL or another nationally recognized testing laboratory (NRTL), composite wood must meet formaldehyde emission limits, California sales may need Prop 65 warnings, appliances and lighting must meet efficiency standards, and wireless products need FCC authorization. Some are legal requirements, others retailer requirements. Labs and lawyers handle compliance; on the tax side, testing, certification, recalls and claims need to be booked correctly.
Description: each row is a requirement, with typical products, whether it is law or a retailer requirement, and what to watch.
| Requirement | Typical products | Nature | Watch for |
|---|---|---|---|
| UL, ETL or other NRTL certification | Lighting, ceiling fans, power tools, appliances, outlets, cords, chargers | Expected by major retailers; required by some codes and rules | Whole-product vs. component certification; marks must be used correctly |
| CARB Phase 2 / TSCA Title VI | Furniture, cabinets and flooring with particleboard, MDF or hardwood plywood | Federal and California law | Third-party certifier and labels; importers keep records |
| California Prop 65 | Products sold into California that contain listed chemicals | California law | Warnings as required; platforms often ask sellers to confirm |
| ENERGY STAR | Appliances, lighting, fans, windows | Voluntary label (EPA) | Buyers expect it in many categories; DOE efficiency standards themselves are mandatory |
| FCC authorization | Smart switches, doorbells, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth products | Federal law | Wireless products can't be sold without it |
| CPSC rules and certificates | Regulated consumer products, children's products, clothing storage tip-over rules | Federal law | From July 8, 2026, certificate data for certain imports is filed through ACE |
- Booking compliance costs: testing and certification are generally current expenses; inspections and transit tests for a specific shipment can go into that shipment's cost; recalls and claims are booked as incurred, with larger exposures reviewed for accrual.
- Who is responsible: Marketplace sellers answer for their own products; vendors answer under the supply agreement and QA requirements. Compliance opinions, product liability and contract terms belong to lawyers and testing labs.
Where are the opportunities for Chinese manufacturers and cross-border sellers?
Three: open a Marketplace store with a U.S. company and U.S. warehouse, pricing and selling yourself; become a drop-ship or stocking vendor, selling wholesale to Lowe's; or become an import vendor (including private brand), with Lowe's as importer of record. The first keeps the most margin but puts all U.S. tax and operations on you; the third can work without a U.S. company, but means Lowe's factory audits, testing and inspections, with price set in negotiation.
- Marketplace fits: brand sellers already selling large home goods, outdoor furniture, lighting, bath or tools on Amazon, Walmart or Wayfair, with a U.S. company, U.S. warehouse (own or 3PL), LTL delivery and after-sale service.
- The vendor route fits: manufacturers with factories and their own brand, or able to make Lowe's private brands, comfortable with EDI, QA and chargebacks, and able to agree on price and payment terms.
- Seasonality in bulky and outdoor categories: patio furniture, grills, pools and lawn and garden peak in season, and pre-season stock concentrates in U.S. warehouses, creating tax obligations in those states (see the sales tax section).
- Tariffs matter a lot: as of November 2026, Section 301 tariffs on Chinese-origin goods remain; wood products also carry Section 232 tariffs (10% on softwood lumber, 25% on upholstered wooden furniture and on kitchen cabinets and vanities, with the increases once set for January 1, 2026 postponed to January 1, 2027); steel and aluminum goods may fall under Section 232 derivative tariffs. Whoever is importer of record pays and can claim refunds. The full tariff timeline is at yclcpa.com/fba.
How does Lowe's compare with Amazon, Walmart, Wayfair, Etsy and TikTok Shop?
The big difference is who the seller is. On Lowe's Marketplace, Amazon, Walmart, Etsy and TikTok Shop you sell to the customer, the platform collects sales tax and you get a 1099-K; as a Lowe's or Wayfair supplier you sell wholesale to the retailer, which sells to the customer, with no 1099-K. Lowe's Marketplace has one of the highest bars of the group: U.S.-registered businesses only, U.S. warehouses, by invitation.
Description: each row is a platform, with who can join, the seller of record, fees, fulfillment, sales tax, 1099-K and payouts. Fees and rules change; each platform's seller center decides.
| Platform | Who can join | Seller of record | Fees | Fulfillment | Sales tax | 1099-K | Payout |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowe's Marketplace | U.S.-registered businesses, curated, U.S. warehouses | Seller | Commission not published; in the seller agreement | Seller ships (incl. LTL) | Lowe's collects | Yes | Per seller agreement |
| Lowe's vendor | Registered suppliers that are selected | Lowe's | No onboarding fee; deductions and allowances | To Lowe's DCs or drop-ship | Lowe's collects from customers | No | Per invoice terms |
| Amazon | Individuals and businesses in the U.S. and most countries, including China | Seller | Professional plan $39.99/month + 8%–15% referral in most categories | FBA or self-fulfilled | Amazon collects | Yes | Generally every 14 days |
| Walmart Marketplace | U.S. businesses and businesses from some countries including China, by application | Seller | No monthly fee; 6%–15% referral in most categories | WFS or self-fulfilled | Walmart collects | Yes | Per settlement cycle |
| Wayfair | Suppliers (wholesale) | Wayfair | No onboarding fee; wholesale pricing | Drop-ship or CastleGate | Wayfair collects from customers | No | Per invoice terms |
| Etsy | Handmade, vintage and craft-supply sellers worldwide | Seller | $0.20 listing + 6.5% transaction + U.S. processing 3% + $0.25 | Self-fulfilled | Etsy collects | Yes | Per Etsy Payments settings |
| TikTok Shop | Local stores need a U.S. individual or company; cross-border by invitation | Seller | About 6% in most categories | Platform logistics or approved warehouses | TikTok collects | Yes | Per settlement cycle |
- Details by platform: Amazon at yclcpa.com/amazon and yclcpa.com/fba, Walmart at yclcpa.com/walmart, Wayfair at yclcpa.com/wayfair, Etsy at yclcpa.com/etsy, TikTok Shop at yclcpa.com/tiktok.
Sales tax: what does a Marketplace seller do, and what does a vendor do?
Marketplace sellers: Lowe's collects and remits sales tax on Lowes.com orders as a marketplace facilitator in states with sales tax, so you generally don't collect it; but registration in warehouse states, off-platform sales and gross-receipts taxes (Washington B&O, the Texas franchise tax) remain yours. Vendors: selling to Lowe's is a wholesale sale, so you take Lowe's resale certificate and charge no sales tax; when you drop-ship from your warehouse to the customer, the certificate needs to cover the ship-to state.
- The warehouse is nexus: Marketplace orders ship from U.S. warehouses, and each warehouse state gives you physical presence, regardless of sales thresholds. Some states require sellers with physical presence to register even when the marketplace collects every order, and the warehouse can bring that state's income or franchise tax. Federal P.L. 86-272 generally doesn't protect sellers keeping inventory in the state (see yclcpa.com/fba).
- Thresholds count every channel: $100,000 a year in most states, $500,000 in California, Texas and New York; tax on your own site, wholesale and in-person sales is yours (tools at yclcpa.com/stripetax).
- Vendor resale certificates: Lowe's provides resale or exemption certificates to its suppliers; keep them by state. In a state audit, wholesale sales without a certificate can be treated as taxable retail sales. For drop shipments, some states want a certificate valid in the delivery state; follow each state's rules.
- North Carolina: Lowe's is headquartered in North Carolina; for North Carolina sales tax registration and returns, see yclcpa.com/salestax.
1099-K and revenue: how do Marketplace sellers and vendors differ?
Marketplace sellers: above $20,000 and 200 transactions in a year, the platform issues a 1099-K showing gross amounts, which must be reconciled to settlement reports (see yclcpa.com/1099k). Vendors: Lowe's pays invoices for goods, which is wholesale revenue with no 1099-K; revenue follows invoices, with deductions, allowances and returns booked separately.
- Get the W-9 right: the platform collects a W-9 at onboarding; the name and TIN must match IRS records, or payouts face 24% backup withholding. A foreign-owned single-member LLC can't simply give the LLC's EIN on a W-9 (next section and yclcpa.com/w8ben).
- Gross vs. net: Marketplace payouts are net of commissions and refunds; book revenue gross and record commissions, refunds and shipping separately so the 1099-K reconciles.
- Vendor deductions: Lowe's chargebacks, price protection, co-op and advertising fees and defective allowances generally reduce revenue or are booked as expenses; keep Lowe's deduction detail for each, dispute where you can, and record the outcome.
- Drop-ship freight: carrier and LTL charges a drop-ship vendor pays are expenses; any freight allowance Lowe's pays is revenue.
Which entity should you use? Four situations
Lowe's Marketplace takes U.S.-registered businesses only, so the entity comes first. A U.S. resident can start with a single-member LLC and consider an S corporation as profit grows; a foreign-owned single-member LLC is disregarded for U.S. tax and, with a U.S. warehouse and U.S. sales, raises the most issues; a Chinese factory's U.S. subsidiary is usually a C corporation; a multi-platform seller keeps one company and one set of books by channel.
Description: each row is a seller situation, with the usual choice, the annual federal filings and what to watch.
| Seller situation | Usual choice | Federal filings | Watch for |
|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. resident (citizen, green card, resident for tax) | Single-member LLC or S corporation | Schedule C; S corporation 1120-S + K-1 | S corporation can cut self-employment tax as profit grows (yclcpa.com/scorp); foreign owners can't hold S shares |
| Single-member LLC 100% owned by a foreign individual | Workable, but W-8 and effectively connected income must be handled | Pro forma 1120 + 5472; owner files 1040-NR if there is ECI | U.S. warehouse and U.S. sales usually create ECI; Form 8832 can elect C corporation treatment |
| Foreign company with a U.S. subsidiary | U.S. C corporation | 1120 + 5472 | 21% federal tax; arm's-length related-party pricing (yclcpa.com/subsidiary) |
| Multi-platform seller (Amazon, Walmart, Lowe's and others) | One company with channel-level books, or several companies by brand or risk | By entity | Combine inventory states across platforms; several companies mean intercompany accounts |
Why the foreign-owned single-member LLC raises the most issues
- W-9 or W-8: the LLC is disregarded; under the W-9 instructions a foreign owner gives the appropriate W-8 (generally W-8ECI when the income is effectively connected), not a W-9 under the LLC's EIN. If the platform only offers a W-9, ask the platform and follow your CPA's advice (yclcpa.com/w8ben).
- Pro forma 1120 + 5472 every year: required whenever there are transactions with the owner, profit or not, by April 15 by fax or mail; each missed form starts at $25,000 (yclcpa.com/5472).
- Effectively connected income: Lowe's Marketplace requires shipping from U.S. warehouses. U.S. inventory, U.S. sales and U.S. employees or agents usually amount to a U.S. trade or business, so the owner files 1040-NR (a foreign corporate owner files 1120-F) at graduated rates.
- Form 8832 C corporation election: the LLC can elect to be taxed as a corporation; under Treas. Reg. §301.7701-3(c)(1)(iv), after a change in classification it generally can't change again for 60 months. It then pays 21% federal tax, and dividends to a foreign owner carry 30% withholding, generally 10% under the U.S.–China treaty. The full comparison is at yclcpa.com/walmart and yclcpa.com/ccorp.
State taxes and fees
- State of formation and states of operation: Wyoming and Delaware are common, but warehouse and office states may require foreign qualification (yclcpa.com/llc).
- California $800: inventory in California or sales above its doing-business thresholds bring the $800 minimum franchise tax.
- Texas franchise tax: inventory in Texas means registering and filing; the no-tax-due threshold for 2026 and 2027 reports is $2,650,000, and entities below it still file an information report.
A Chinese factory with a U.S. subsidiary: related-party pricing and tariffs
When a Chinese factory sells to its own U.S. subsidiary, which then sells on Lowe's Marketplace, that step is a related-party transaction: price at arm's length (§482), the subsidiary's inventory cost generally can't exceed the customs value (§1059A), and the dealings go on Form 5472 each year. Price too low and profit piles up in the U.S.; too high and the U.S. company loses money year after year, which draws questions from both the IRS and Customs.
- §482 arm's length: compare with the factory's prices to unrelated buyers, or the return a U.S. distributor would earn, and keep the pricing support (yclcpa.com/subsidiary).
- §1059A: for goods imported from a related party, the U.S. company's inventory cost generally can't exceed the customs value declared; keep the entry value and the book purchase price consistent.
- Importer of record: if the subsidiary imports, it registers with CBP, and formal entries (generally over $2,500) need a customs bond; under DDP the forwarder is the importer, and duties and refunds sit with the forwarder.
- Duties in inventory cost: duties, inbound freight and brokerage go into inventory and become cost of goods sold when sold; IEEPA duties stopped by the Supreme Court on February 20, 2026 can be refunded to the importer of record through CBP (yclcpa.com/fba).
- The import-vendor alternative: if the factory sells to Lowe's as an import vendor, with Lowe's as importer of record and title passing outside the U.S., the factory generally isn't doing business in the U.S., needs no U.S. company and gives Lowe's a W-8BEN-E. Whether it has a taxable U.S. presence depends on the contract and its U.S. activities, case by case.
Bookkeeping: settlements, fees, returns and deductions
Marketplace sellers download order and settlement reports monthly from Mirakl or their channel tool, book revenue gross, record commissions, refunds, shipping and 3PL storage separately, and cost inventory by unit; vendors book revenue by invoice and reconcile every Lowe's deduction, allowance and co-op charge. Year-end inventory counts and values matter, especially with seasonal stock.
- Settlement reports are the source: order number, item, price, shipping, commission, refund and payout date, matched to bank deposits.
- LTL and 3PL bills: delivery, storage and handling fees booked monthly and tied to orders, so each SKU's true margin shows.
- Returns: for items returned to stores, the seller agreement decides whether they come back to you, get liquidated or are scrapped; refunds reduce revenue and scrapped goods come out of inventory.
- Inventory method: small businesses with average annual gross receipts over the prior three years of $32,000,000 or less (2026) can use simplified inventory methods, but sellers with heavy seasonal stock usually get better numbers from actual counts.
- Several platforms: Amazon, Walmart, Wayfair and Lowe's in one company share one set of books by channel, so profit is clear and 1099-K revenue isn't doubled or missed.
What to prepare before onboarding: a checklist
Pick the route (Marketplace or vendor), then the entity and the warehouse, then the application materials. Once an entity and tax ID are on file with the platform and the bank, changing them is painful, so settling these first saves the most trouble.
Description: each row is a task, whether each route needs it, and who receives it.
| Task | Marketplace | Vendor | Who receives it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Choose the route: sell yourself or wholesale to Lowe's | Yes | Yes | You and YCL |
| U.S. company (state formation, registered agent) | Required | Usually for domestic vendors; not always for import vendors | Secretary of state |
| EIN and letter (CP 575 / 147C) | Required | Federal tax ID needed | IRS |
| W-9 or W-8 decision | Yes | Yes | Platform; Lowe's |
| D-U-N-S number | Not always | Asked at registration | Dun & Bradstreet |
| U.S. bank account | Required | Yes | Bank |
| U.S. warehouse or 3PL contract; LTL carrier | Required | For drop-ship | 3PL; carrier |
| GS1 barcodes | Yes | Yes | GS1 US |
| Product certifications (UL, CARB, FCC and others) | Yes | Yes | Testing labs |
| Importer, customs broker, bond | If you import | Domestic vendors | Broker; CBP |
| Sales and income tax review for warehouse states | Yes | For drop-ship | YCL; state revenue departments |
| Bookkeeping and settlement reconciliation | Yes | Yes (EDI, deductions) | YCL |
An example: a Chinese patio furniture factory selling on Lowe's Marketplace through a U.S. subsidiary
Example (hypothetical numbers, to show the method): a patio furniture factory in Ningbo forms B Inc., a wholly owned Delaware C corporation, in 2026, leases space in a Georgia 3PL warehouse and is selected for Lowe's Marketplace. The factory sells to B Inc. at an annually set transfer price, and B Inc. is importer of record. For 2026:
| Item | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Marketplace gross sales | $1,500,000 | From settlement reports, including shipping charged |
| Refunds | −$90,000 | Including store returns |
| Commission (assumed 12%) | −$180,000 | Actual rate per the seller agreement |
| Purchases from parent (FOB), units sold | −$600,000 | Only the portion sold |
| Inbound freight, duties, brokerage | −$230,000 | In inventory cost, released as units sell |
| LTL delivery, 3PL storage | −$210,000 | Monthly bills |
| Ads, staff, insurance, testing | −$90,000 | |
| Pre-tax profit | $100,000 | |
| Federal corporate tax at 21% | $21,000 | Plus Georgia income tax under state rules |
| After-tax profit paid to the parent | $79,000 | 30% withholding, generally 10% under the treaty, or $7,900 |
What to watch:
- Transfer price: set purchases at $400,000 and U.S. profit becomes $300,000, with more U.S. tax; set them at $800,000 and B Inc. loses $100,000, inviting a §482 adjustment. Support the price, and keep it consistent with the customs value (§1059A).
- Form 5472: payments for goods, capital and loans between B Inc. and its parent go on Form 5472 every year.
- State tax: the Georgia warehouse creates Georgia physical presence; Lowe's collects sales tax on Lowes.com orders, but B Inc. files Georgia income tax. Moving stock to California or Texas brings the $800 California minimum and the Texas franchise tax into play.
- 1099-K: B Inc. receives a 1099-K that may differ from $1,500,000 (shipping, tax and refund conventions); list the differences from settlement reports.
If the same factory became a Lowe's import vendor, with Lowe's as importer of record, it would sell directly to Lowe's, Lowe's would pay the duty, and B Inc. would generally not be needed for that flow; but Lowe's negotiates the price, and the factory goes through audits, testing and inspections. Both routes can run in parallel as long as the items don't duplicate Lowe's existing assortment.
Selling on Lowe's at a glance
| Item | Who / form | Number / rule | Notes | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marketplace eligibility | Application | U.S.-registered + EIN | No international shipping; curated | As of 2026-11 |
| Shipping standard | Marketplace sellers | 48 hours / 4 days | Parcels in 48 business hours, LTL in 4 business days | As of 2026-11 |
| Store returns | Marketplace items | 1,700+ stores | Customers can return to any Lowe's store | As of 2026-11 |
| Commission | Marketplace sellers | Not published | In the seller agreement | As of 2026-11 |
| Supplier registration | RangeMe / PROVIS | Free | Not the same as becoming a supplier; vendor number only on selection | As of 2026-11 |
| Import vendors | Lowe's QA requirements | Lowe's is IOR | Factory goes through RESA, EQA, testing and inspections | 2026 |
| 1099-K | Marketplace sellers | $20,000 and 200 | Vendors selling wholesale generally receive none | Current |
| Backup withholding | Missing W-9 or name/TIN mismatch | 24% | Withheld from payouts | Current |
| Form 5472 | 25%+ foreign-owned companies; foreign-owned single-member LLCs | $25,000 | Starting penalty per form per year | Current |
| Form 8832 | LLC electing corporate treatment | 60 months | Generally no further change for 60 months | Current |
| C corporation federal tax | Form 1120 | 21% | Dividends to foreign owners: 30% withholding, generally 10% under the U.S.–China treaty | Current |
| California minimum franchise tax | Companies and LLCs doing business in California | $800 | Inventory or thresholds | Current |
| Section 232 wood products | Softwood lumber; upholstered wooden furniture, kitchen cabinets, vanities | 10% / 25% | Scheduled increases postponed to 2027-01-01 | As of 2026-11 |
| CPSC eFiling | Regulated imported consumer products | From 2026-07-08 | Certificate data filed through ACE at import | 2026 |
Pitfalls and common mistakes
Myth: a Chinese company can apply to Lowe's Marketplace directly
The application lists only U.S. states, asks for an EIN and says only U.S.-registered businesses may apply; the FAQ says international shipping isn't accepted. Without a U.S. company and a U.S. warehouse, you can't apply.
Myth: Marketplace seller and Lowe's vendor are just two names for the same thing
On Marketplace you sell to customers, get a 1099-K and handle warehouse-state taxes; as a vendor you sell wholesale to Lowe's, get no 1099-K and handle resale certificates, EDI and deductions. Contracts, books and tax all differ.
Myth: Lowe's collects sales tax, so state taxes aren't my concern
The platform only collects on Lowes.com orders; registration in warehouse states, income or franchise tax, Washington B&O and tax on your own site are yours.
Myth: a foreign-owned LLC just fills in a W-9 and files nothing without profit
A foreign-owned single-member LLC's owner generally gives a W-8; the LLC files pro forma 1120 + 5472 every year, at $25,000 per missed form; and shipping from U.S. warehouses usually creates effectively connected income, so the owner also files 1040-NR.
Which situation are you in?
Start with whether you are a brand seller or a factory, whether you have a U.S. company and warehouse, and whether you want Marketplace or the vendor route. Common situations:
- Situation A: a U.S. resident selling home improvement goods on Amazon and Walmart, adding Lowe's. Apply to Marketplace with your existing U.S. company; review sales and income tax across every platform's inventory states; consider an S corporation as profit grows.
- Situation B: a Chinese owner's single-member LLC with a U.S. 3PL warehouse. Bring past pro forma 1120 + 5472 filings current, settle the W-8 and ECI questions, decide on a Form 8832 C corporation election, then apply.
- Situation C: a Chinese factory aiming at Lowe's private brands or import supply. Register through PROVIS or RangeMe with a D-U-N-S number, product certifications and factory audit readiness; with Lowe's as importer, a U.S. company is generally not needed, but have a lawyer review the contract.
- Situation D: a Chinese factory that wants to sell on Lowe's itself. Form a U.S. subsidiary (usually a C corporation), lease U.S. warehouse space, set the transfer price and importer, then apply to Marketplace; file 1120 + 5472 each year.
- Situation E: already a Lowe's vendor, with heavy deductions and books that don't tie. Reconcile every EDI document and deduction, dispute on time, book revenue, allowances and deductions separately, and file resale certificates by state.
Settling the entity, tax ID and warehouse before onboarding is far easier than fixing them later
The two Lowe's routes run tax very differently: on Marketplace you sell to customers and deal with the 1099-K, inventory states and platform settlements; as a vendor you sell wholesale and deal with resale certificates, deductions and related-party pricing. We have prepared returns for e-commerce sellers for many years and read platform settlement reports, 3PL and LTL bills, customs entries and retailer deduction detail. Your team runs the store, product selection and negotiations with Lowe's; the U.S. company, tax and books come to us. Product compliance, contracts and intellectual property belong to lawyers and testing labs.
What we can do with you: Pre-onboarding tax assessment: Marketplace or vendor, which entity, W-9 or W-8, which warehouse states; Formation and EIN: LLCs and corporations in any state, registered agent, EIN and EIN letter; Form 8832 analysis: whether a foreign-owned LLC should elect C corporation treatment; Annual filings: pro forma 1120 + 5472, 1120, 1120-S, 1040-NR, state returns and annual reports; Related-party pricing: transfer prices between a Chinese factory and its U.S. subsidiary, with Form 5472; Sales tax: inventory-state nexus review, registration and returns, and resale certificate files for vendors; 1099-K reconciliation and bookkeeping: monthly books from settlement reports, EDI invoices and deduction detail; ITIN: through our CAA, so the passport doesn't go to the IRS. For complex situations, a paid consultation (yclcpa.com/advisory) goes deeper.
- Big Four background, 15+ years in U.S. tax, 10 years of U.S.–China cross-border work, CPA / EA / CAA
- Many years preparing returns for e-commerce sellers; a multi-platform seller's books kept in one set, split by channel
- IRS Certifying Acceptance Agent: we verify ITIN passports, so originals don't go to the IRS
How it works
- 1
Free assessment
a free 15-minute call (yclcpa.com/book) on the route you want, your current entity, where goods come from and where they sit.
- 2
The list
following Figures 6 and 7, the entity, tax ID, W-9 or W-8, warehouse states, missing filings and deadlines.
- 3
Setup
formation, EIN, Form 8832, late returns and sales tax registrations, filed once you approve; you submit the platform application.
- 4
Every year
monthly books, 1099-K and deduction reconciliation, sales tax on schedule, annual returns; IRS and state letters handled by the same team.
FAQ
Can a Chinese company apply to Lowe's Marketplace directly?
No. As of November 2026, the Lowe's Marketplace application says only businesses registered in the United States may apply and asks for an EIN and a U.S. state of registration; the FAQ says the initial launch excludes sellers shipping from abroad. A Chinese seller generally forms a U.S. company and leases U.S. warehouse space first, and selection is still curated, with no guarantee.
What commission does Lowe's Marketplace charge?
Lowe's hasn't published its commission rates or payout timing; they are in the seller agreement signed after selection. The 8% to 15% often quoted online is an agency estimate, not a Lowe's figure. Use a conservative assumption in margin planning and update it once you have the agreement.
Do Lowe's Marketplace sellers collect sales tax themselves?
Generally not. Lowe's collects and remits sales tax on Lowes.com orders as a marketplace facilitator in states with sales tax. But sellers ship from U.S. warehouses, so each warehouse state brings physical presence and possibly registration, income tax or franchise tax, and off-platform sales remain the seller's to tax.
How is being a Lowe's vendor different from selling on the Marketplace for tax purposes?
On the Marketplace you sell to customers, receive a 1099-K, book revenue gross and handle inventory-state taxes. As a vendor you sell wholesale to Lowe's, which is the retailer; you charge no sales tax on its resale certificate and get no 1099-K, but manage EDI, deductions and allowances. An import vendor, with Lowe's as importer of record, generally needs no U.S. company.
Can YCL help me get set up to sell through Lowe's?
YCL CPA (yclcpa.com) handles the tax side before onboarding: Marketplace or vendor, entity choice, W-9 or W-8, Form 8832 analysis; formation and EIN; pro forma 1120 + 5472 or Form 1120; related-party pricing between a Chinese factory and its U.S. subsidiary; sales tax nexus review and registration; 1099-K reconciliation and bookkeeping; and ITINs through our CAA. The platform application, negotiations, product compliance and contracts belong to your team and your lawyers; we are not a Lowe's partner and don't guarantee selection. Book a free 15-minute call (yclcpa.com/book) or add WeChat YCLUSA; complex cases can book a paid consultation (yclcpa.com/advisory).
Related guides
- Business & Self-EmployedWhat taxes do Amazon FBA sellers owe? Inventory states, sales tax, franchise tax, inventory costs and tariffs
- Cross-BorderDoes a foreign-owned U.S. LLC file Form 5472? How to prepare and send the pro forma 1120, and what happens if you don't
- Cross-BorderA Chinese parent's U.S. subsidiary — do foreign shareholders register with the state, and which filings actually apply?
Sources
- Lowe's: Sell on Lowe's Marketplace, including FAQ (checked 2026-11-09); Lowe's Marketplace Seller Application (checked 2026-11-09)
- Lowe's press release: Lowe's Accelerates Its Online Marketplace, Announces Partnership With Mirakl (2025-05-21)
- Lowe's: Supplier Registration page and Supplier Registration FAQ (RangeMe, PROVIS; checked 2026-11-09); Lowe's Quality Assurance Program Requirements – 2026; Lowe's Vendor Code of Conduct
- Trade press: Chief Marketer (2026-01-28); Modern Retail (2026-06-26)
- IRS: Instructions for Form W-9; Publication 1281 (backup withholding); Instructions for Form 1099-K; Public Law 119-21 (OBBBA, signed 2025-07-04)
- IRS: Instructions for Form 5472 (Rev. December 2024); Instructions for Form 8832; Treas. Reg. §301.7701-3; IRC §482 and §1059A; U.S.–China income tax treaty (IRS Treaty Table 1); IRS FS-2026-14 (2026 small business gross receipts threshold of $32,000,000)
- California FTB: $800 minimum franchise tax; Texas Comptroller: franchise tax no-tax-due threshold ($2,650,000 for 2026–2027 reports); state marketplace facilitator laws; P.L. 86-272
- USTR: China Section 301 actions; Presidential proclamations on Section 232 timber, lumber and wood products (effective 2025-10-14) and the 2025-12-31 postponement; U.S. Supreme Court, Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump (2026-02-20); CBP: IEEPA duty refunds (CAPE)
- CPSC: certificate eFiling at import (effective 2026-07-08); EPA: TSCA Title VI composite wood formaldehyde standards; CARB: composite wood ATCM; California OEHHA: Prop 65; EPA / DOE: ENERGY STAR and efficiency standards; FCC equipment authorization; OSHA: NRTL program
Want to sell through Lowe's but unsure about the entity and the tax?
A free 15-minute call: a CPA looks at whether Marketplace or the vendor route fits, how to set up the entity and tax ID, and what your warehouse location means for tax. No charge, no sales pitch.
